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RESEARCH / EVIDENCE / REVIEW

Research with a visible standard

A useful finding includes its method, original records, alternative explanations, and limits. Our classification system makes those limits explicit.

SRL EVIDENCE CLASSIFICATION

Classify what the record supports.

FIVE CATEGORIES · ONE TRANSPARENT RECORD

Categories describe the finding. They are not scores or a ladder toward proof.

E0

Explained

A conventional explanation has been identified.

E1

Probably Explained

Evidence strongly suggests a conventional explanation.

E2

Insufficient Information

There is not enough reliable information to determine what occurred.

E3

Unresolved

The event remains unexplained after reasonable investigation and review.

E4

Anomalous

Multiple observations, measurements, or pieces of evidence document an unusual event that resisted reasonable attempts at conventional explanation.

E4 does not automatically establish a paranormal cause. Classifications describe the available record and can change with new evidence. Record the reviewer, date, rationale, and limitations.

Keep these distinctions visible

Reported experience

A witness account of an experience, recorded without assuming its interpretation is verified.

Investigator observation

What an investigator directly perceived, with the time, location, and conditions recorded.

Instrument reading

A device output with its units, settings, range, position, checks, and limitations.

Evidence

Preserved records with provenance and context that can be used to assess a claim.

Possible contamination

A known or suspected influence on a recording, reading, observation, or review.

Conventional explanation

An ordinary account supported by the record and relevant tests.

Unresolved event

An event that remains unexplained after reasonable investigation and review.

Anomalous result

A documented unusual event supported by multiple records that resisted reasonable conventional explanation. This does not establish a paranormal cause.